VISITOR’S PERCEPTIONS OF HIGHLAND NATURAL DISASTERS RISK IN BATU, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA: BASED ON GEO-PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v23i38.1836Keywords:
Geo-Psychological Approach, Highland Tourism Risk, Tourism Resilience, Visitor Risk PerceptionAbstract
Highland areas have many natural resources that serve as the main tourist attractions; however, there is a risk of natural disasters. Batu Tourist City, located in a highland area in East Java, Indonesia, is prone to various natural disasters, including landslides, floods, and flash floods throughout the year. Visitors become particularly vulnerable to disasters because they generally do not understand the risks of the areas they visit. The research aims to analyse visitors' risk perceptions (VRP) regarding adapting and surviving natural disasters in the highland tourist area. Visitors' risk perceptions (VRP) are based on geographic and psychological approaches, which comprise prior experience (PE), risk management knowledge (RMK), self-adaptability (SA), and tourism risk, such as physical (PR), service risk (SR), and environmental risks (ER) elements. Through quantitative research, the researcher tested 398 samples and 18 hypotheses using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Bootstrapping analysis was used for structural models and measurement. The results show a positive influence of PE and RMK on the VRP of tourism. In contrast, SA had a significant effect on visitor psychology but did not positively influence the VRP of tourism. This indicated that psychologically, visitors' awareness, ability to recover from difficulties, and tendency to embrace a positive perspective on safety do not depend on their sensitivity to potential risks. This research concluded that visitors who have RMK exhibit good VRP but not SA. This is contradictory because VRP are linked to psychology, which requires SA when facing natural disaster risks in tourist areas.
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