INTEGRATING URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN PARKS: INSIGHTS FROM USER EXPERIENCE IN GURNEY BAY AND PENANG MUNICIPAL PARK, MALAYSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v23i38.1814Keywords:
Urban design principles, sustainable urban parks, accessibility, community engagement, resilient city, Penang 2030Abstract
Sustainable urban parks are vital components of resilient and liveable cities, providing environmental, social, and economic benefits. Ensuring their long-term relevance requires design principles that prioritise usability, inclusivity, and ecological sustainability. This study examines urban design principles that contribute to sustainable urban parks, with specific reference to Gurney Bay Park and Penang Municipal Park in Penang, Malaysia. Applying a quantitative approach, a questionnaire survey of 102 respondents was conducted to investigate the relationship between urban design principles and sustainability outcomes. The results reveal six key principles that shape sustainable park development: accessibility, safety, social interaction, aesthetic quality, resilience, and economic viability. Despite these guiding principles, the findings highlight persistent challenges in accessibility, including inadequate transportation connections and limited user satisfaction with available amenities. These shortcomings undermine the parks’ potential to serve as inclusive and multifunctional community spaces. The study contributes empirical evidence from the Malaysian context to the discourse on sustainable urban design, offering practical insights for urban planners and policymakers. By embedding sustainability principles into park design and management, cities can enhance user experiences, promote healthier lifestyles, and advance broader urban resilience goals in line with the Penang2030 vision.
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