PLANNING MALAYSIA

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON SOCIAL HOUSING NEEDS AMONG M40 EARNERS IN MALAYSIA

2026-04-13T22:26:54-06:00

Housing affordability is a major concern in both the developed and developing nations. In Malaysia, middle income families (M40 earners) are gradually experiencing issues of affordable and quality housing especially in the urban regions. Although government programs like rent and income-related subsidies have been put in place, the issue of affordability in housing is still significant. Recognising this issue, the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (2021–2025) highlights the need to improve housing provision for the M40 earners. This study aims to identify suitable criteria for the equitable allocation of social housing for M40 earners in Malaysia. The study examined definitions, criteria, and practices of the available housing programs to conceptualise the social housing, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the M40 earners in Johor Bahru to investigate their housing preferences and the level of their affordability. The results propose key criteria in social housing development that will be in a better position to accommodate housing needs of M40 earners. These findings may assist policymakers in improving housing policies and strengthening existing housing legislation in Malaysia.

ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES IN MALAYSIA: A REVIEW OF METHODS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS

2026-04-13T22:26:53-06:00

This study highlights the critical role of environmental valuation in informing sustainable development in Malaysia, focusing on its role in assessing the economic value of environmental goods and services. Environmental valuation is crucial for providing policymakers and stakeholders with essential information to conserve and manage natural resources effectively. The study identified four primary environmental valuation methods used in Malaysia: Travel Cost Method (TCM), Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), and Willingness to Pay (WTP). TCM emerged as the most frequently applied method due to its simplicity and effectiveness in estimating recreational benefits derived from ecosystems, while CVM was employed to gauge public willingness to pay for conservation. The study also highlighted several challenges faced by valuers, including difficulties in obtaining reliable data, identifying appropriate sampling methods, constructing effective questionnaires, time constraints, and determining suitable valuation techniques. Strengthening policy frameworks for environmental valuation is vital to enhance the adoption of accurate methods and improve valuation practices in Malaysia. This research explores the challenges of environmental valuation practice in Malaysia that hinder the effective valuation practices.

VALIDATING THE INFLUENCE OF MEMORABLE SUSTAINABLE TOURISM EXPERIENCES ON REVISIT INTENTIONS: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING APPROACH

2026-04-13T22:26:52-06:00

In response to the growing demand for sustainable experiences, this study aims to examine how Memorable Sustainable Tourism Experiences (MSTE) influence tourists’ intention to revisit a destination. Grounded by Kim’s (2017) Memorable Tourism Experience (MTE) model, this research introduces two additional dimensions, local guide and responsible practices, to better reflect the unique dynamics of sustainable tourism experience. These additions represent the novelty of the study, offering a more comprehensive understanding of what makes memorable sustainable tourism experiences. A structured survey was administered to 233 tourists who participated in sustainable tourism experience. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that hedonism, local culture, refreshment, and responsible practices significantly influence revisit intention. Interestingly, the role of local guides showed a negative effect, while knowledge, meaningfulness, novelty, and involvement were not statistically significant. This study contributes to the academic discourse by expanding the theoretical model of MTEs to incorporate sustainable features, while also providing practical insights for destination managers seeking to enhance tourist satisfaction and loyalty through meaningful, sustainable tourism experiences.

STRATEGIC HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE ZAKAT INSTITUTION OF THE ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS COUNCILS AND PERAK MALAY CUSTOM (MAIPk)

2026-04-13T22:26:51-06:00

This study examines strategic human development within the zakat institution of the Islamic Religious Council and Perak Malay Customs (Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Melayu Perak – MAIPk) in strengthening institutional performance and socio-economic impact. Human development in zakat administration extends beyond operational efficiency and encompasses the cultivation of competent, ethical, and visionary personnel capable of fulfilling the broader mandate of MAIPk in community empowerment. Using a qualitative research design, this study analyses institutional documents, policy frameworks, and semi-structured interviews with key officers of MAIPk to identify the strategic dimensions of human development practices within the organisation. The findings indicate three key strategies: (1) aligning staff competencies with the values of Islamic governance, (2) strengthening leadership and managerial capabilities to support organisational transformation, and (3) integrating professional development training with spiritual and ethical reinforcement. These strategies collectively enhance institutional resilience, promote innovation in zakat distribution, and strengthen public trust in zakat governance. The study proposes that a comprehensive human development model that encompasses spiritual, intellectual, and professional dimensions is essential for sustaining institutional effectiveness in zakat institutions. The findings contribute to the literature on institutional planning and governance by highlighting human development as a strategic driver for organisational effectiveness in zakat institutions in Malaysia.

MADANI PLANNING IN THE ERA OF AI: STRATEGIES FOR BALANCING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND COMMUNITY WELL-BEING

2026-04-13T22:26:50-06:00

This paper explores the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and Malaysia Madani, a governance framework that prioritizes sustainability, prosperity, innovation, respect, trust, and compassion. The study employs a qualitative, exploratory design using inductive thematic document analysis of recent Malaysia Madani policy frameworks, official government reports, and comparative academic literature. Three core strategies are identified for balancing technological innovation with community well-being: the development of multidimensional well-being indicators, the adoption of community-based approaches in AI governance, and the design of ethical interventions that safeguard dignity and social cohesion. Definitions of Malaysia Madani planning, well-being, and AI are outlined, followed by an assessment of threats and opportunities posed by AI to social equity, cultural diversity, and democratic trust, with specific attention to marginalized communities in Malaysia. The findings suggest that embedding Malaysia Madani values into AI governance offers a unique model for aligning innovation with normative commitments to justice, inclusivity, and resilience. The paper concludes by calling for interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary, and systems-based approaches to ensure that AI becomes a tool for collective flourishing rather than a source of fragmentation.

WAQF-BACKED URBAN REGENERATION IN KUALA TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA: A TAYYIB APPROACH TO HOUSING AND COMMUNITY WELL-BEING

2026-04-13T22:26:49-06:00

The chronic lack of affordable housing and the poor utilisation of waqf land in Malaysia are the reasons why a holistic and more ethical view on sustainable urban regeneration is needed. In terms of Islam, financing and development can be guaranteed to be free of such aspects as riba (usury), gharar (excessive uncertainty), and haram activities. Nevertheless, tayyib is not only associated with legal adherence but also with justice, fairness, ecological purity, safety, and the welfare of the populace. This paper will formulate and operationalise a tayyib-based framework of waqf-based urban regeneration in Kuala Terengganu through the creation of the Tayyib Urban Indicator Set (TUIS) as an indicator of affordability, environmental quality, safety, and social well-being. The study also suggests design protocols to be used in housing and community facilities design, ethical financing systems to be used, which refer to cash waqf and waqf-linked sukuk, through a qualitative exploratory method that incorporates a document analysis with expert interviews. The results show that the implementation of tayyib values encourages inclusivity, equity, and sustainability by integrating urban regeneration with the spiritual and moral purpose of the maqasid al-shariah. Moreover, the hybrid financing option increases affordability and perpetually protects waqf resources under open governance. The example of the application of the TUIS in Kuala Terengganu shows that tayyib-oriented regeneration does not only correspond to shariah-compliant standards but also to the promotion of social justice, ecological balance, and the well-being of citizens in the long term.

OMAN’S FOREIGN POLICY DURING THE YA’ARUBA DYNASTY THROUGH THE BOOK MANHAJ AL-TALIBIN WA BALAGH AL-RAGHIBIN BY SHEIKH KHAMIS BIN SAEED AL-SHAQSI

2026-04-13T22:26:48-06:00

Oman possesses a profound legacy of Islamic scholarship, distinguished by encyclopaedic works that delve into diverse aspects of Islamic law, governance, and the humanities. These writings frequently document political and civilizational relations through the correspondence of imams, scholars, governors, and rulers, as well as through the issuance of legal fatwas. Among the most prominent legal encyclopaedias produced in Oman during the early Ya‘aruba period is Manhaj al-Ṭālibīn wa Balāgh al-Rāghibīn, authored by the distinguished scholar Sheikh Khamis bin Saeed al-Shaqsi. Despite the numerous references within these encyclopaedic works to political relations and civilizational exchanges between Oman and various regional and international powers, these dimensions have received limited scholarly attention. This study seeks to uncover and analyze these overlooked aspects, emphasizing their contemporary and future relevance in understanding Oman’s historical position as a significant regional power during the Ya‘aruba era. Accordingly, the research is guided by the following objectives. Firstly, to identify the political role of Sheikh Khamis bin Saeed al-Shaqsi, the author of Manhaj al-Ṭālibīn wa Balāgh al-Rāghibīn. Secondly, to analyze the major events and dynamics of Oman’s foreign relations during the early Ya‘aruba period as reflected in the encyclopaedia. Methodologically, this study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, examining the content of the encyclopaedia with particular attention to its political dimensions. The research is structured into two main chapters. The first introduces the author and his legal encyclopaedia, while the subsequent chapters explore Oman’s foreign relations during the reigns of Imam Nasser bin Murshid and Imam Sultan bin Saif respectively.

FROM WORSHIP TO COMMUNITY HUB: EXPLORING HOW MOSQUE-BASED INITIATIVES INSPIRE TOURISM ENGAGEMENT

2026-04-13T22:26:47-06:00

Mosques have increasingly evolved from being spaces of worship into active community hubs that integrate education, culture, and social engagement. Despite the growing recognition of mosque tourism as part of cultural heritage tourism, the visibility of mosques as attractive destinations remains limited. Less attention has been given to how mosque internal practices contributes to tourism appeal. This paper explores how mosque-based initiatives inspire tourism engagement through the application of internal marketing in enhancing mosque visibility. Using a qualitative approach and document analysis, the study examines literature related. The analysis reveals that internal marketing dimensions, namely internal communication, volunteer empowerment, motivation, and service orientation serve as strategic drivers that strengthen both internal cohesion and external appeal. Mosques that effectively manage their internal stakeholders and foster shared values are better positioned to deliver meaningful community programs that attract visitors seeking authentic cultural and spiritual experiences. The study argues that mosque visibility and tourism engagement are outcomes of internal organizational strength rather than external promotion alone. By integrating internal marketing practices within mosque management, religious institutions can project themselves as inclusive and sustainable cultural heritage sites. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on cultural heritage tourism by linking internal organizational dynamics with visitor engagement, offering valuable insights for mosque management committee and policymakers in advancing Islamic tourism in Malaysia.

SUSTAINABILITY IN GREEN BUILDINGS: A FAITH-BASED APPROACH

2026-04-13T22:26:47-06:00

The emergence of green buildings in the early 2000s marked a significant milestone in the global sustainability movement, emphasizing ecological responsibility and environmentally friendly design. While the concepts of "green" and "sustainability" are often used interchangeably to describe eco-conscious environments, there remains a notable gap in exploring these principles through the lens of faith-based approach, particularly from Islam. This study aims to identify enduring faith-based values that influence the design of green buildings. Guided by a research question, the thematic analysis reveals seven core values: worship, balance, community orientation, prevention of harm, avoidance of waste, protection of privacy, and climate consciousness. These values reflect a holistic, faith-based approach to sustainability, offering both scientific insight and practical guidance. The study contributes to the growing discourse on integrating religious principles with sustainable development, positioning faith-based values as a foundational framework for green building practices in contemporary contexts.

PLANNING FOR URBAN POVERTY TRANSFORMATION: LIVELIHOOD TYPOLOGIES AND COMMUNITY RESILIENCE IN MALAYSIA

2026-04-13T22:26:46-06:00

This study examines differentiated livelihood transformation pathways among urban poor households through a longitudinal analysis based on participants of project situated in an urban setting in the northern part of Malaysia. Using qualitative document analysis and income trajectory monitoring across three programme phases, households were classified based on patterns of livelihood strategies, programme engagement and adaptive capacity. Findings reveal four livelihood typologies: Progressive–Resilient, Fluctuating–Vulnerable, Stagnant–Dependent, and Women-Led Entrepreneurial households. These typologies are synthesised into a four-quadrant conceptual framework that integrates engagement intensity and adaptation capacity. The study advances empirical understanding of urban poverty dynamics and highlights the need for differentiated gender-sensitive and resilience-oriented policy interventions for sustainable urban poor community-based transformation.

SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE: A SYSTEMATIC SYNTHESIS

2026-04-13T22:26:45-06:00

Rapid global urbanization calls for sustainable systems that resonate with local cultural and religious values; however integration of Islamic principles and modern urban planning is still in theory, fragmented and not yet researched. This systematic literature review overcomes this gap by synthesizing knowledge already existing to present a comprehensive framework for ethical and ecological urbanism. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, an exhaustive search was performed using the Web of Science (WoS) and the SCOPUS databases, in order to guarantee the high standard of academic trustworthiness. From an initial pool of literature, the study finally identified and analyzed a selection of 30 primary studies (n=30) which met the inclusion criteria. The findings of this synthesis are categorized into three critical thematic dimensions: (1) Sustainable Islamic Architecture and Heritage Conservation, which emphasizes bio-climatic traditional designs and culture; (2) Islamic Urbanism, Spatial Planning, and Environmental Resources, which emphasize the symbiotic relationship between human settlements and natural ecosystems; and (3) Green Finance, Governance, and Socio-Economic Ethics, underlines the possibility of tools based on Shariah and ethical stewardship in the effort towards equitable growth. The numerical result shows the interest in and research on these intersections is increasing, especially in terms of the role of Waqf and Khaliffah (stewardship) in the management of the environment. The present review concludes that an Islamic perspective on sustainable urbanism presents a holistic human-centred way of thinking transcending technical solutions through integrating the spiritual values with socio-economic equity. These findings provide a vital roadmap for policymakers and urban planners to develop resilient cities that are both technologically advanced and culturally grounded. Specifically, this review translates these Islamic principles into actionable planning levers including land-use zoning, heritage overlay controls, Waqf-based land banking, green sukuk financing, participatory governance mechanisms, climate-responsive building standards, and public space provision policies offering a structured toolkit for planners operating in Muslim-majority urban contexts.

NAVIGATING NUSANTARA'S URBAN GREEN FABRIC: EXPLORING CULTURAL AND SOCIAL INFLUENCES IN SELECTED CITY PARKS

2026-04-13T22:26:44-06:00

Urban spaces in Southeast Asian cities, such as Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur, are undergoing transformative shifts in function and design, reflecting the complex interplay between cultural dynamics, historical contexts, and urban development trajectories. This research elucidates the evolving narratives of parks, open spaces, and eateries within these metropolises, stemming from the ancient archipelago of Nusantara, and examines their role in forming a unique urban experience. The study employs an interdisciplinary methodology, integrating historical analysis, ethnographic observations, and a review of urban planning literature to examine the changing roles and architectural developments in social spaces of Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur. Data were gathered through archival research, fieldwork, and interviews with urban planners and local stakeholders. The findings highlight a nuanced interaction between traditional practices from previous histories and modern Western and colonial influences, revealing how these social spaces serve as arenas for cultural expression and community engagement amidst the pressures of urbanisation. This investigation offers a framework for understanding the significance of cultural, historical, and urban factors in shaping the social and physical landscapes of Asian cities and to a broader discourse on the role of culture in urban development and its potential as a catalyst for creating resilient and vibrant urban spaces.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE KEY ELEMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE CAMPUS INITIATIVES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2026-04-13T22:26:43-06:00

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) play a crucial role in shaping intellectual development across social, economic, and environmental dimensions towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). HEIs have undertaken significant initiatives to incorporate sustainability into their operational practices, and the implementation of sustainable campuses has become an increasingly important area of focus. HEIs are responsible for promoting sustainability through their operational practices while also educating future generations. However, the absence of effective sustainable campus initiatives poses a significant challenge to the ongoing pursuit of SDGs in HEIs. There remains a clear absence of key elements required to fully realise the goals of sustainability within these institutions. Hence, this study aims to identify the key elements of sustainable campus initiatives in HEIs. The systematic review approach was adopted in this study, where relevant articles were retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases for analysis. The systematic review examined 902 articles from Scopus and Web of Science databases within the timeframe from 2015 to 2025. Inclusion, exclusion, and quality criteria were applied to ensure that only high-quality and relevant articles were selected. Ultimately, 34 relevant papers were identified for inclusion in this systematic review approach. The analysis revealed six key elements essential for the successful implementation of sustainable campus initiatives, including governance and leadership, strategic planning, operation, curriculum development, research and development, and community engagement. These findings underscore the importance of all six elements in achieving the successful implementation of sustainable campuses in HEIs.

USER-CENTERED FURNITURE DESIGN FOR PET CO-LIVING SPACES

2026-04-13T22:26:42-06:00

The efficiency and effectiveness of public bus services are essential for fostering sustainable urban transportation. In Malaysia, despite widespread concerns about lengthy commutes, congestion-related stress, and high traffic fatality rates, private vehicles remain the dominant mode of transport, even among university students. This examines university students' perceptions of public bus service efficiency and effectiveness, aiming to identify areas for improvement to increase public transport usage. A mixed-method approach was adopted to provide a comprehensive analysis of users’ experiences and perceptions. Findings indicate that economic factors significantly influence ridership rates, particularly among young adults who often face financial constraints. At the same time, this demographic is highly mobile, relying on transportation for social, educational, and physical activities. Furthermore, satisfaction with service quality emerges as a critical determinant of public bus loyalty. To enhance efficiency and increase ridership, the study recommends addressing the multifaceted factors influencing public bus service use through a comprehensive strategy. Future research should delve into socioeconomic analyses to better understand these dynamics.

THE IMPACT OF GREEN BUILDING MAINTENANCE PRACTICES IN MITIGATING PROMINENT DEFECTS AT UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM): A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (SLR)

2026-04-13T22:26:41-06:00

The presence of building defects poses significant challenges to the sustainability and functionality of university facilities over time. At Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), these defects negatively impact building performance, visual appeal, and operational efficiency, underscoring the need for an effective solution. Implementing green building maintenance practices provides a feasible way to address these challenges by merging eco-friedly strategies with modern maintenance techniques. This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to examine the impact of green building maintenance practices on addressing critical defects at UiTM. To identify crucial maintenance techniques, their benefits, and their real-world applications, the review compiles the body of available research. The results highlight effective approaches that align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and identify significant gaps in existing frameworks. To enhance building performance, reduce defects, and encourage sustainable maintenance practices at higher education institutions, this study aims to develop an institutional framework tailored for UiTM.

INTEGRATING PASSIVE AND ACTIVE STRATEGIES: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2026-04-13T22:26:40-06:00

Facility management in higher education institutions face the challenge of improving building energy efficiency due to the large size and high energy demand. In Malaysia, polytechnics confront additional challenges of operating on ageing building and limited operational budgets. Existing approaches in operation and maintenance and energy monitoring remain fragmented which hindering energy efficiency efforts. This paper introduces a proposed framework to measure building energy efficiency among Malaysian polytechnics using passive and active parameters while supported by technologies. Passive parameters include building orientation, natural ventilation, daylighting, and building envelope, while active parameters are HVAC and lighting systems. The framework is systematically strengthened by the adaptation of Technology-Organization-Environment framework, Six Sigma and Business Process Redesign principles. Research Methodology used is mixed method that combining questionnaire surveys and case studies of identified Malaysian polytechnics. Findings from this study will assist facility managers and policymakers to optimise energy monitoring protocols and drive operational decisions making towards sustainable facility management practices aligned with national and international goals.

VIRTUAL VISIONS FOR TANGIBLE TREASURES: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF EXTENDED REALITY'S ROLE IN URBAN HERITAGE SAFEGUARDING

2026-04-13T22:26:40-06:00

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of published research on Extended Reality (XR), encompassing Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Mixed Reality, in the field of urban heritage preservation. The study maps research trends, key contributors, geographical distribution, thematic clusters, and collaboration patterns within this emerging interdisciplinary domain. The findings indicate substantial growth in XR related heritage studies between 2020 and 2024, reflecting increasing scholarly attention to immersive technologies in conservation, interpretation, and public engagement. The analysis further shows that research output is dominated by a limited number of countries and authors, while Malaysia remains an emerging contributor. Thematic clustering reveals that current scholarship extends beyond technological experimentation to include educational applications, human centered design, and heritage interpretation. These findings suggest strong potential for XR to support urban heritage safeguarding in Malaysia through context sensitive innovation, strategic collaboration, and improved institutional support. The study contributes a structured overview of the field and offers practical insights for policymakers, researchers, and heritage practitioners seeking to strengthen digitally enabled preservation strategies.

SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE ALONG THE SILK ROAD: INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS

2026-04-13T22:26:39-06:00

This study examines modern innovative solutions aimed at comprehensively addressing the challenges of transport and service infrastructure, environmental sustainability, and residential safety along the Central Asian corridor of the Great Silk Road in Uzbekistan. The research presents proposals and recommendations on: Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) utilizing artificial intelligence for traffic management, A network of innovative charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) powered by renewable energy, Eco-friendly energy solutions (solar, wind, and hybrid systems) for roadside infrastructure. Automated emergency monitoring and warning systems to enhance safety. Integrated security measures for residential areas near transport corridors. The findings highlight not only improvements in transportation efficiency but also strategies for ensuring environmental sustainability and public safety.

DECODING SPATIAL PATTERNS IN LOW INCOME URBAN HOUSING THROUGH VERNACULAR REFERENCES

2026-04-13T22:26:38-06:00

Rapid urbanization has increased the challenges of providing adequate housing for low-income communities, particularly in Malaysia, where 85% of the population is expected to live in urban areas by 2040. Modern housing development often prioritizes on efficiency and cost, overlooking the cultural and social dimensions embedded in vernacular practices. This study aims to examine whether the spatial patterns in low-income urban housing in the Klang Valley demonstrate any interaction with vernacular knowledge, or whether they have been entirely shaped by modern ideas. Using diagrammatic analysis through the space syntax method, the study compares the floor plans of low-income urban housing and traditional vernacular houses in remote areas of Peninsular Malaysia. Justified Permeability Graph are used to identify patterns of integration and segregation concerning access, movement, and spatial hierarchy. The findings reveal that although modern housing responds to urban living needs, elements of vernacular spatial logic do remain. However, there are significant differences, particularly in the relationship between domestic spaces and external areas. Urban housing tends to exhibit a more individualistic character, as regulated by government policies. Conversely, vernacular houses show a stronger integration between interior and exterior spaces to foster closer community ties. This study highlights the importance of integrating local cultural values into urban housing design in order to create more inclusive, meaningful, and socially connected living environments.

PARAMETRIC OF DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE THROUGH FACADE ENVELOPE RATIO OF HIGH-RISE OFFICE BUILDING IN TROPICAL CLIMATES

2026-04-13T22:26:37-06:00

In tropical climates, facade design plays a crucial role in balancing daylighting performance and thermal control to enhance energy efficiency and occupant comfort. This study investigated the parametric relationship between facade envelope ratio and daylighting performance in high-rise office buildings, focusing on optimising the Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR) to meet visual comfort and energy-saving goals. Various facade configurations were evaluated using IESVE simulation software and validated against real-world data to determine their impacts on indoor illuminance levels and thermal transfer. The findings demonstrated that a facade envelope ratio of 80–90% with a setback depth of 1.5 m and a WWR of 70% yielded optimal daylight distribution, maintaining acceptable indoor illuminance levels between 230 lx and 300 lx. However, achieving this visual comfort created a significant thermal trade-off; this baseline configuration resulted in an Envelope Thermal Transfer Value (ETTV) of 102.88 W/m², far exceeding the 50 W/m² permissible limit outlined in Malaysia's MS1525:2019 standard. To resolve this without sacrificing the daylighting that occupants highly value, the study identifies that it is imperative to incorporate advanced facade systems, such as low-emissivity (Low-e) glazing, deliberate shading elements, and double-skin facades. Ultimately, this study proposes a performance-based design framework that reconciles daylighting goals with ETTV compliance, guiding architects to successfully enhance building energy performance and occupant well-being in tropical regions.

THE DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS USING HISTORIC BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (HBIM) TOOLS

2026-04-13T22:26:36-06:00

Conventional documentation methods remain widely used in heritage conservation practice; however, these approaches often yield fragmented records, inefficiencies, and limited accessibility, which may hinder long-term conservation efforts. In response to these limitations, digital documentation has emerged as a critical alternative, particularly through the application of Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM). HBIM enables the systematic recording, analysis, and management of heritage building data while supporting data security, governance, and the long-term integrity of information. This study explores the application of HBIM as a digital documentation and archival tool for heritage buildings in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, addressing practical challenges associated with data acquisition, modelling accuracy, and contextual adaptation within conventional conservation practice. The primary objectives of the study are to document selected heritage buildings through measured surveys and to generate accurate two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) digital models as a comprehensive conservation record. The research adopts on-site observation and building measurement combined with 3D simulation techniques to produce structured digital documentation. The resulting HBIM models provide an integrated platform for recording architectural elements, monitoring building conditions, and facilitating future rehabilitation and refurbishment works. By promoting digital-based documentation practices, this study supports sustainable conservation approaches aligned with green technology principles and contributes to Sustainable Development Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). Overall, the findings demonstrate that HBIM offers a reliable and effective framework for enhancing the long-term preservation and management of heritage buildings in Malaysia.

GREEN WALL FACADE AND IOT-BASED SYSTEM FOR OPTIMAL INDOOR ENVIRONMENT OF ‘SAKINAH’ IN LIVING

2026-04-13T22:26:35-06:00

Pandemic-driven confinement has intensified Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) concerns in a tropical low-cost housing, where restricted ventilation creates hazardous environments. This research develops a solar-powered green wall prototype integrated with a closed-loop IoT control system to restore environmental fitrah (natural balance) and foster Sakinah (tranquility). By utilizing real-time sensor feedback (PM2.5, CO2, TVOCs) to trigger automated ventilation and irrigation, the system technically bridges spiritual well-being with mechanical stability, defining Sakinah as the psychological outcome of a sustained, sensor-regulated biological equilibrium. Prototype testing achieved an empirical 30.2% reduction in energy consumption (37.38kWh/month) compared to non-regulated models, with operational costs under MYR20. These outcomes prove that active bio-filtration is technically superior to passive greenery in high-humidity climates. The findings offer a scalable framework for retrofitting Malaysian PPR flats and provide a blueprint for integrating active bio-filtration standards into the Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL), ensuring health equity and environmental resilience in high-density urban zones.

SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE APPROACH IN REVITALIZING RELIGIOUS TOURISM SITES TOWARDS ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN MAQASID SYARIAH: A GENDER PERSPECTIVE

2026-04-13T22:26:34-06:00

The growing interest in religious tourism, particularly in Muslim-majority countries, underscores the need for sustainable development approaches that align with Islamic values. This study explores how sustainable architecture can revitalize religious tourism sites while supporting energy management strategies guided by the principles of Maqasid Shariah. A structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was employed to examine the relationships among Islamic beliefs, visiting behaviour, energy awareness, and support for sustainable design. Data collected from 350 Muslim visitors in Indonesia indicate that Islamic religiosity significantly influences energy-conscious behaviour. Practically, this research provides a strategic framework for urban planners to utilize religious commitment as a driver for environmental policy. By framing energy management as a religious duty (khalifah), local authorities can increase public support for green architectural mandates. Policy-wise, these findings advocate for integrating spiritual-environmental indicators into the planning guidelines for religious tourism zones to ensure both ecological preservation and enhanced spiritual experiences

STRUCTURAL INTEGRATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE AND TENSILE MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN REGENERATION

2026-04-13T22:26:33-06:00

The present research examines the integration of architectural heritage with tensile membrane technologies as a pathway to sustainable urban regeneration. A theoretical framework is developed merging adaptive reuse with structural innovation, using interdisciplinary methods, literature review, and case studies. Tensile membranes, known for their lightweight, flexible, and reversible nature are especially valuable in heritage contexts. Their visual transparency preserves modern functionality while enabling the visibility and integrity of historic architecture, pathing the way to become ideal for minimal-impact interventions.

Computational simulations and material testing demonstrate the structural resilience and environmental performance of these systems. Findings reveal that tensile membranes reduce energy consumption, increase durability, and strengthen heritage conservation. The study suggests an evaluation framework to assist architects and planners in assessing membrane compatibility with existing structures. While this approach fosters balanced urban renewal, the research underscores its potential to drive economic revitalization as well as maintaining cultural identity. Future research will concentrate on applying these strategies to diverse climates and urban settings for comprehensive global application.

AN EXAMINATION OF DESIGN FOR SAFETY LEGISLATION IN CONSTRUCTION ACROSS MALAYSIA, UNITED KINGDOM, NEW ZEALAND, AUSTRALIA, AND SINGAPORE: A DOCTRINAL ANALYSIS APPROACH

2026-04-13T22:26:33-06:00

This study undertakes a doctrinal analysis of Design for Safety legislation within the construction sectors of Malaysia, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and Singapore. The research identifies commonalities and divergences in how each jurisdiction integrates safety considerations during the design phase to mitigate construction risks by examining statutory frameworks, regulatory duties, and enforcement mechanisms. The study further contextualizes legal provisions through a comparative evaluation of construction accident data from 2023, revealing correlations between legislative rigor and safety outcomes. The findings indicate that while all jurisdictions emphasize early hazard identification and risk elimination, differences in enforcement practices and stakeholder responsibilities impact effectiveness. Malaysia’s recent 2024 regulations demonstrate progressive alignment with international best practices. The paper contributes to legal scholarship by highlighting the pivotal role of design-focused legislation in advancing occupational safety, offering insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders aiming to enhance construction safety through proactive legal frameworks.

SAFETY ASSESSMENT IN THE CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS: A CASE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL MOSQUES IN NEGERI SEMBILAN, MALAYSIA

2026-04-13T22:26:31-06:00

The preservation of heritage buildings while maintaining structural integrity and functional usability presents a challenge in protecting cultural and historical value. This research examines old timber mosques in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, which are increasingly threatened by decaying materials and insufficient safety protocols. The main objectives are to evaluate the safety conditions and determine possible preservation methods for these valuable heritage structures. Five (5) mosques have been qualitatively examined via field observations, systematic safety assessments and semi-structured interview protocols with related parties. Maintenance issues such as timber degradation, fire hazards, outdated electrical systems, and limited access to emergency exits are the lead causes of safety issues. The findings relate to the absence of conservation initiatives and compliance with safety regulations. This study focuses on the necessity of systematic safety assessments in historic conservation frameworks. It outlines a strategic approach to maintaining traditional authenticity while complying with contemporary safety standards, highlighting the need for community involvement in targeting sustainable heritage management.

THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE LOST MAUSOLEUM OF NUR AL-DIN BASIR IN SAMARKAND: HISTORY OF ITS CONSTRUCTION AND DESTRUCTION, DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MONUMENT

2026-04-13T22:26:30-06:00

The architectural and electronic reconstruction of the mausoleum of Sheikh Nur al-Din Basir (d.1249) destroyed in the late nineteenth century in Samarkand and an important Temurid monument is included in this essay. The study is interdisciplinary following the integration of the archival research, architectural drawing, cartography, and up-to-date geodetic research as the scientific basis of a 3D reconstruction of the mausoleum and its historical landscape. In addition to the reconstruction of the architectural image of the monument, the study showcases how it would fit in the urban fabric of Temurid Samarkand and how it would be incorporated in the fortified citadel of Amir Temur. The reconstruction has also shown the relevance of digital technologies in conservation of heritage, history of urban planning and marketing cultural tourism. Connecting the studies of architectural heritage to the modern techniques of planning and built environment, this paper will give a new understanding of how digital reconstructions may be used as the means of both academic study and sustainable management of cultural heritage.

STREET CHARACTER AND URBAN IDENTITY: DEFINING PHYSICAL DESIGN PARAMETERS OF BUILDING APPEARANCE IN THE HISTORIC URBAN FABRIC OF KUALA KANGSAR PERAK MALAYSIA

2026-04-13T22:26:29-06:00

Streets are vital public spaces that shape the identity and character of towns, especially in historically significant areas like Kuala Kangsar, the royal town of Perak, Malaysia. Yet, modern architecture, unregulated renovations, and vehicular encroachment have altered traditional streetscapes, threatening their cultural and architectural heritage. This study aims to establish physical design parameters to define and preserve street character within Kuala Kangsar’s historic urban fabric. Focusing on Istana, Laksamana, and Shahbandar Streets, it employs a mixed-methods approach: qualitative data from in-depth interviews (n=21), field observations, and archival analysis, and quantitative data from structured questionnaires (n=330). Triangulated analysis identifies two key dimensions shaping street character, appearance and function with buildings and landscape as primary influences. Basic statistical analysis of the survey responses, including descriptive frequency analysis and correlation assessment between building appearance attributes and public perception, was conducted to support the qualitative findings. This paper emphasizes building appearance, highlighting its role through attributes like attractiveness, visibility, and human scale. Findings, validated via expert focus group discussions (n=6), inform nine key design guidelines. The study contributes to urban design theory and policy by promoting heritage-sensitive street development in historic towns.

INCREASING ALLEY COGNIZANCE TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY SAFETY IN KUALA LUMPUR: A CRITICAL STUDY OF REVITALISED URBAN ALLEY

2026-04-13T22:26:28-06:00

Urban alleys are often overlooked yet hold significant potential for transformation within densely populated cities where public spaces are scarce. This research explores the creation of a branding and wayfinding framework aimed at enhancing public awareness and community safety in alleyways in Malaysia. Drawing on urban design principles, spatial perception, and place- making concepts, the study employs a multi-phase approach that includes a literature review, field observations, participatory workshops, and experimental simulations. Findings from the study reveal several challenges, such as poor spatial clarity, a lack of cohesive visual language, and insufficient user-centered signage. These issues contribute to negative perceptions and the underuse of these alley spaces. Workshops conducted with local residents, municipal officials, and urban design experts provided valuable insights into the socio-cultural factors influencing how these alleys are used and perceived. This information guided the development of a branding and wayfinding framework that incorporates visual identity systems, navigational aids, and design strategies tailored to the local context and community needs. Although this framework is specifically tailored for Malaysian urban environments, its underlying principles can be adapted to other similar high-density areas. This study adds to the discourse on alley revitalization and offers practical strategies for integrating underappreciated urban spaces into broader plans for inclusive, human-centered city planning.

PILOT STUDY FINDINGS ON MULTI-GENERATIONAL HOUSING ENVIRONMENT PREFERENCES FEATURES FOR QUALITY OF LIFE AND ACTIVE AGEING IN MALAYSIA

2026-04-13T22:26:27-06:00

The rise in Malaysia's ageing population has increased the need for housing environments that can support both ageing in place and multi-generational living. This study aims to assess the reliability of a newly developed framework that focuses on the features of housing environments which contribute to the quality of life for the active ageing community. A pilot study was conducted to assess the internal consistency of the survey instrument, which was developed based on physical and social housing features identified through an in-depth literature review. A total of 31 respondents from different generational groups in Shah Alam participated in the study. The findings showed strong internal reliability across most sub-features, including Accessibility and Walkability, Communal Areas, Assisted Technology Integration, Community Engagement, and Health and Well-Being. However, the Personal Privacy sub-features revealed a lower reliability score. Overall, the results demonstrate the instrument’s potential to guide a better housing design, policy making, and further research in creating inclusive, age-friendly environments that support intergenerational connection and support active ageing.

SMART HOME FEATURES TO ENHANCE ELDERLY WELL-BEING AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN MALAYSIA: A SCOPING REVIEW

2026-04-13T22:26:27-06:00

This paper examines smart home features designed for elderly-friendly housing environments, aiming to improve the quality of life and well-being of older adults through technology. Using Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) scoping review framework, 9 peer-reviewed studies published between 2021 and 2025 were systematically reviewed. The findings categorise smart home features into five key themes: (1) Safety and Security, (2) Health Monitoring, (3) Comfort and Accessibility, (4) Social and Cognitive Well-Being, and (5) Energy Efficiency. The review emphasises the significance of designing a housing environment with the integration of technologies that are adaptable to the physical, psychological, and social needs of elderly users. This paper provides a current synthesis of smart home research related to ageing populations. It offers a framework that can guide housing design, innovation, and policy, and user-centred design practices in ageing societies. Although not limited to a single country, the findings are especially relevant for rapidly ageing societies like Malaysia. Further validation from domain experts and stakeholders is needed to confirm the relevance and applicability of the identified smart home features in actual implementation contexts.

HOMEOWNERSHIP CHALLENGES FOR MIDDLE-INCOMES GROUP IN SMART CITY BATU KAWAN, PULAU PINANG

2026-04-13T22:26:26-06:00

Batu Kawan has been designated as a Smart City by the Penang State Government, placing it alongside other major Malaysian smart city developments such as Cyberjaya and Iskandar Puteri, which have similarly experienced rapid urban growth and population inflows. As observed in these smart cities, accelerated development in Batu Kawan has been accompanied by a sharp rise in housing prices for both existing and new units, indirectly creating homeownership challenges for the middle-income (M40) group. This study was conducted using a quantitative approach to identify the level of affordability for smart city in Batu Kawan, Pulau Pinang and to examine the homeownership challenges for smart city in Batu Kawan, Pulau Pinang. A total of 100 Malaysian respondents who live and work in the area participated in the survey through structured questionnaires. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation and mean score analysis. The findings revealed that the level of housing affordability using HAR stood at 28.7%, within the 30% affordability benchmark, yet a notable share of respondents still faced unaffordability. The findings reveal that the main challenge is the mismatch between house prices and income (mean = 4.37, σ = 0.71), reflecting an affordability gap among the M40 group.

THE DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MULTIDIMENSIONAL GLOBALIZATION IN MARITIME LOGISTICS PERFORMANCE ASEAN

2026-04-13T22:26:25-06:00

The transformation of ASEAN's maritime logistics system faces complex challenges as global maritime trade volume increases from 8.4 billion tons in 2010 to 11.0 billion tons in 2021. As a region that controls 25% of total global trade goods and facilitates $2.8 trillion maritime trade volume by 2021, ASEAN has a strategic role but faces significant challenges in optimizing maritime logistics performance. Despite its strategic centrality, ASEAN exhibits significant disparities in maritime infrastructure, with LSCI scores ranging from 21.35 to 113.78 points. These gaps suggest that geographical advantage alone is insufficient without robust integration into global economic, social, and political networks. While existing literature often examines these dimensions in isolation, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of how multidimensional globalization collectively determines maritime logistics performance. By evaluating these dynamics over a decade (2010–2021), the research offers critical insights into the drivers of regional connectivity. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of multidimensional globalization on maritime logistics performance in ASEAN countries by analyzing the influence of economic globalization, social globalization and political globalization on LSCI.

The study uses panel data regression analysis over the period 2010-2021. The dependent variable is LSCI, while the independent variables include Exports of Goods and Services (% of GDP), Individuals using Internet (% of population), and Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism. The estimation results show that economic globalization has a significant positive effect on LSCI with a coefficient of 20.679 (t-statistic = 5.042; p-value = 0.0000). The R-squared value indicates the proportion of the variance in the Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI) that is predictable from the independent variables. A high R-squared in this model suggests that economic, social, and political dimensions of globalization collectively explain a substantial majority of the shifts in ASEAN maritime performance. Specifically, the coefficient of 20.679 for economic globalization implies that for every percentage increase in export intensity, the LSCI is expected to rise by approximately 20.6 points. This high magnitude underscores that trade-led growth is the primary driver of maritime infrastructure demand. The statistical significance across all variables (p < 0.05) confirms that these findings are not coincidental but represent a robust causal link between globalization tiers and logistics efficiency. Social globalization also has a significant positive effect with a coefficient of 0.421 (t-statistic = 9.118; p-value = 0.0000). In contrast, political globalization has no significant effect on LSCI with a coefficient of 1.765 (t-statistic = 0.582; p-value = 0.5627). The simultaneous test showed an F-statistic of 41.663 (p-value = 0.0000) confirming the jointly significant effect. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.648 indicates that the model explains 64.8% of the variation in LSCI. The findings confirm that the economic and social dimensions of globalization are determinants of ASEAN maritime logistics performance, while political stability shows no significant impact in a relatively stable regional context.

MAPPING ROAD ACCIDENT HOTSPOTS ON MALAYSIAN INTER URBAN EXPRESSWAYS: AN ANALYSIS ON SEVERITY LEVEL

2026-04-13T22:26:24-06:00

Road accidents can have a profound and often life-altering impact on the victims involved. Reducing severity due to road accidents is crucial even when the absolute numbers are relatively low. The problem at hand revolves around the need to ascertain the degree of accident severity at locations identified as hotspots, thus requiring focused interventions to improve road safety. This study aims to identify road accidents hotspots of an inter-urban expressway in Malaysia, and to determine the level of accident severity at locations identified as hotspots. This involves visualizing and analyzing the spatial distribution of road accident data to identify the hotspot locations of road accidents along the expressway. The study employed ArcGIS as a platform for data visualization and analysis. The evaluation of accident hotspots by accident severity level was conducted using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). Learning from each incident and implementing changes can help prevent future accidents. Targeted safety measures and interventions to mitigate the risks associated with specific locations is crucial in reducing the likelihood and severity of accidents.

BUILDING TO CITY: INTEGRATING BIM INTO CIM FOR A COMPREHENSIVE DIGITAL URBANISM

2026-04-13T22:26:23-06:00

The transformation from Building Information Modeling (BIM) to City Information Modeling (CIM) poses a major challenge for achieving holistic digital urbanism. While BIM delivers object-based, detailed models of individual structures, scalability and semantic structure always fail when multiplied and transferred in scale and complexity for urban systems. This paper addresses BIM integration in CIM for the construction of a multi-scale, semantically interoperable urban digital twin platform. In a comparative analysis of early pioneers of digital twins – namely Virtual Singapore, Helsinki 3D City and Dubai Digital Twin – our research identifies best practices and common pitfalls related to data standardization, semantic mismatches and computational scalability. Considerable attention has been given to semantic interoperability as a crucial condition for effective data translation at different scaled levels from micro (building scale) to macro (city scale) models. The paper derives a BIM-to-CIM integration framework based on case-based Modeling that demonstrates how individual BIM models constructively inform broader-based CIM platforms for long-term sustainable district planning and management. platforms for long-term sustainable district planning and management. The resulting framework facilitates robust data-driven urban planning and unlocks interoperability between separate modeling spaces, establishing a stable foundation for potential smart city use cases.

COASTAL EROSION AND MONSOON STORMS DRIVING FISHERMEN TOWARD AN ALTERNATE OCCUPATION IN THE TOURISM SECTOR

2026-04-13T22:26:22-06:00

The Setiu coast in Terengganu is strategically located facing the South China Sea region, experiences the dry southwest monsoon and harsh northeast monsoon. The rough monsoon seasons cause devastating impacts in coastal areas and erosion, which affects fisherman activities. Thus, the stormy season may affect the fisherman, particularly small-scale fishermen, due to the intensity of the wave height near the coastal waters. In this study, the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) and wave modeling were used to identify the erosion, causes of erosion, and wave height at coastal waters. Additionally, a quantitative method was performed to determine the impact of coastal erosion on fisherman activities, and alternative occupation in the tourism sector was recommended. The study found that parts of the Setiu shoreline faced the highest erosion due to high-intensity waves during the southwest and northeast monsoon season. The coastal erosion and annual northeast monsoon storm from November to March severely impacted the quality of life for the fishermen, especially in the economic sector. Consequently, the affected fishermen ventured into an alternative occupation as businessmen in the tourism industry. Thus, underdeveloped areas such as the Setiu district may serve as a prime example to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries on fishermen's alternative occupation and survival during monsoon seasons.

GLOBAL TRANSPORTATION EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTATION EXPENDITURE'S IMPACT ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN KEY GLOBAL ECONOMIES (1990-2023)

2026-04-13T22:26:21-06:00

This study examines the relationship between transportation expenditure and economic performance across 41 countries over the period 1990–2023, highlighting the global role of transportation investment in economic development. Using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical linear regression, the research investigates the association between gross domestic product (GDP) and multiple dimensions of transportation expenditure. The results indicate a strong positive relationship between GDP and total transportation expenditure, as well as passenger transportation expenditure, underscoring the close linkage between transportation investment and economic activity. In contrast, a significant negative relationship is observed between GDP and transportation expenditure as a share of GDP, suggesting that higher-income countries invest more in transportation in absolute terms while allocating a smaller proportion of national output to this sector, likely reflecting efficiency gains and economies of scale in mature transportation systems. Hierarchical regression results indicate that transportation expenditure is a statistically significant predictor of GDP, with the baseline model accounting for a substantial share of cross-country variation. The inclusion of relative expenditure measures yields modest additional explanatory power, with the second model providing the most stable specification by effectively mitigating multicollinearity. Overall, the findings emphasize the continued importance of sustained transportation investment, while highlighting differences in investment intensity across stages of economic development. For developing economies, strategic and efficient transportation investment remains critical for supporting long-term economic growth. The study contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive, cross-national perspective on the scaling of transportation expenditure with economic performance and its implications for transportation policy and planning.

ENCAPSULATES THE MALAY SETTLEMENTS

2026-04-13T22:26:20-06:00

This study delves into the resilience of Malay settlements—specifically Kampung Sayong, Kampung Morten, Kampung Balik Pulau, and Kampung Duyong—as they face the challenges of rapid urbanization and environmental changes. By comparing these communities, this research summarises the different ways they adapt to modernity and protect their cultural heritage and distinctiveness. The findings reveal a strong commitment among residents to preserve their heritage, engage in community conservation efforts, and diversify their economic activities, which aligns with SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities and SDG 15: Life on Land. Nonetheless, the Malay community also faces serious problems in the urban landscape that affect development, particularly in understanding the impact of the growing landscape and land grabbing, which hampers their way of life and cultural practices. Active participation in governance and decision-making processes emerges as a crucial factor in fostering resilience, as it allows residents to feel a sense of ownership and adaptability in the face of change, echoing the principles of SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions. Looking to the future, the study highlights the importance of preserving Malay identity and encouraging intergenerational knowledge transfer, ensuring that these communities can thrive sustainably and contribute to SDG 4: Quality Education. The knowledge from this research extends understanding of culture and cultural resilience and points to the need for partnership in cultural development, suggesting a positive prospect for Malay people on their journey in a constantly evolving context.

MUSLIM FAITH-BASED NEEDS IN TOURISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MOBILE SERVICES: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

2026-04-13T22:26:19-06:00

This study examines patterns of revolutionary change over the years in the context of behavioral changes among Muslim tourists when using mobile services in fulfill their faith-based needs. This study collected past journals to observe patterns in how past researchers discussed related topics and how these discussions revolved around alignment with tourism market demand and destination hosts' acceptance levels in welcoming Muslim tourists. Using VOSviewer, this study conducted a bibliometric analysis of scholarly works in the Scopus database, filtered for the period 1990 to 2024. Overall, many past researchers discussed topics related to Muslim faith-based needs, but in different terms. Furthermore, most journals have an interrelation with psychological experiences that discuss Muslim tourists' behavioral changes in fulfilling their faith-based needs during travelling. Such behavioral changes reflect their cognitive and affective responses, destination awareness, satisfaction levels, revisit intentions, and word of mouth. However, only a few journals discuss the correlation between changes in Muslim tourists' behaviour and mobile consumption while travelling, as mobile services such as social media applications have only recently begun to bloom again after five years. However, this research will provide clearer, better guidance and improve the institution/scientific/country's research productivity.

EVALUATING AND ENHANCING SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS AMONG URBAN POOR COMMUNITIES IN KUALA LUMPUR

2026-04-13T22:26:18-06:00

The sustainable livelihoods of urban poor groups in Kuala Lumpur have emerged as a critical emphasis due to the ongoing challenge of urban poverty faced by cities worldwide. Accelerated urbanization has exacerbated the socioeconomic divide, resulting in numerous urban poor individuals grappling with challenges related to housing, work, and access to essential services. To tackle these difficulties, sustainable strategies, such as community-driven initiatives and partnerships with local authorities, are essential for empowering citizens and equipping them to endure economic disruptions. This study assesses and improves the sustainable livelihoods of poor urban neighbourhoods in Kuala Lumpur. The study, grounded in the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF), involved a survey of 394 participants, with data gathered via questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel. The results demonstrate that governmental actions substantially contribute to improving the sustainable livelihoods of urban residents in Kuala Lumpur. Mean analysis indicates that poor areas in Kuala Lumpur exhibit high well-being solely in the environmental factor.

COASTAL ENGINEERING USING RHIZOPHORA SP. MANGROVE NATURAL STRUCTURE FOR WAVE DAMPING

2026-04-13T22:26:17-06:00

The purpose of the study is to analyze the value of wave damping by the thickness, density, and resilience of the supporting roots of Rhizhophora sp. mangrove as a wave damper. The method used in the study is the transect-squared method and laboratory tests. Wave measurements were done using SBE 26 during the highest waves. The value of ΔE (%) at Dewi Mandapa Beach rised from 10.74% to 92.79% at a thickness of 5 meters to 50 meters, while at Tanjung Putus Beach rised from 26.23% to 92.41% at a thickness of 5 meters to 30 meters. It is stated that the relationship between them is directly proportional. The root resilience value decreased from 3.1331 (J/m2) to 2.4059 (J/m2), while the energy damping value increased from 3.7578E-04 (J/m2) to 5.5943E-04 (J/m2) at a thickness of 5 meters to 30 meters. It is stated that the relationship of root resilience with wave energy attenuation is inversely proportional. It is concluded that high-density Rhizophora sp. mangroves have substantial wave damping ability as a result of the bounciness of the supporting roots.

MAPPING THE SCIENTIFIC LANDSCAPE OF URBAN EMISSIONS IN PORT CITIES: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW

2026-04-13T22:26:16-06:00

Port cities face increasing pressure due to their significant role in global greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, impacting both environment and public health. This study conducts a systematic bibliometric review of 220 Scopus-indexed publications from 2014 to 2025 to map the evolving scientific landscape of urban emissions in these maritime hubs. Findings reveal a "productivity paradox": while research output has surged by 660%, the average citation impact has declined by 96%, indicating thematic fragmentation. The analysis identifies a critical disconnect between technical maritime engineering—such as port electrification and "cold ironing"—and urban spatial governance frameworks. Furthermore, advanced digital tools like artificial intelligence for real-time monitoring remain underutilized. Theoretically, this study advances urban environmental governance by positioning emission mitigation as a central variable in municipal spatial growth rather than a localized technical issue. The review calls for a paradigmatic shift toward "Integrated Port-City Governance" to align maritime decarbonization with resilient urban planning. By bridging environmental engineering and spatial policy, this research provides a strategic foundation for transforming port cities into low-carbon, sustainable urban ecosystems.

FROM POLICY TO PRACTICE: ANALYSING BEHAVIOURAL PATTERNS IN THE UTILISATION OF TEACHERS' QUARTERS IN MALAYSIA

2026-04-13T22:26:15-06:00

Despite continuous provision, the underutilisation of Malaysian teacher quarters persists, highlighting a mismatch between housing availability and actual occupancy. While previous research heavily focuses on housing supply, the underlying behavioural dynamics driving utilisation remain underexplored. This research conceptualises housing utilisation as a sequential journey from awareness to application and eventual access. Drawing on a survey of 6,496 Ministry of Education personnel, this study investigates application tendencies alongside perceptions of living conditions. Results indicate a substantial disconnect between basic awareness and active application, proving awareness alone cannot guarantee engagement. While perceptions of housing quality hold statistical significance, their overall impact is marginal. Conversely, systemic barriers regarding limited availability and outcome uncertainty strongly dictate application decisions. Ultimately, these results emphasise addressing both behavioural hurdles and access limitations to optimise the use of current public housing assets.