BABAE KA, HINDI BABAE LANG: DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORK FOR GENDER-RESPONSIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF A WOMEN-FRIENDLY CITY IN MALAYSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v23i38.1841Keywords:
Women-Friendly City, Gender-Responsive, Gender Equality, Subang JayaAbstract
Gender equality is a critical aspect of creating an inclusive city. The debate on gender equality objectives centres on balancing practical and strategic needs and classifying gender mainstreaming as integrationist or transformative. Consequently, women are often excluded from participation. This study focuses on gender-inclusive activities and infrastructure elements to enhance Subang Jaya, Malaysia, as a Women-Friendly City, and aims to develop a gender-responsiveness framework. The researchers reviewed 29 years of peer-reviewed literature on gender mainstreaming from 1995 to 2024 to examine scholarly trends in gender equality in urban settings and women-friendly cities. The researchers also reviewed the guidelines, including the New Urban Agenda, Sustainable Development Goals, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, UN Security Council Resolutions, UNESCO Priority Gender Equality Action Plan, UN Human Rights, Environment, Gender Equality, Selangor Women's Policy, and Subang Jaya Women-Friendly City Action Plan. A qualitative method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with stakeholders (e.g. city council members, urban planners, and state assembly women of Subang Jaya) to validate the gender-responsiveness framework. The proposed framework comprises 12 components: (1) governance and leadership, (2) safety, (3) housing and land rights, (4) economic security, (5) education, (6) health, (7) transportation, (8) environment and resilience, (9) art, media, and culture, (10) infrastructure and services, (11) urban spaces, and (12) peace and security.
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